World War 2

World War II, also called World War II, was a controversy that affected almost every part of the world in 1939-45. The main wars were the Axis empires - Germany, Italy and Japan - and the Allies - France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China. The war was raging in many ways, after 20 years of unrest, of conflicts left unresolved by World War I. The 40,000,000-50,000,000 deaths that occurred in World War II make it the most bloodiest, and the greatest, war in history.

What was the cause of World War II?

World War II started in Europe on September 1, 1939, when Germany invaded Poland. Great Britain and France responded by declaring war on Germany on September 3. The war between the U.S.S.R. and Germany began on June 22, 1941, when Germany invaded the Soviet Union. The Pacific war began on December 7/8, 1941, when Japan attacked the American military base in Pearl Harbor and other American, Dutch, and British troops throughout Asia.

Which countries are fighting in World War II?

The major wars were the Axis empires (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and the Allies (France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China).

Who were the leaders during World War II?

Allied forces were led by Winston Churchill (United Kingdom); Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union); Charles de Gaulle (France); and Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman (United States). The power of Axis was led by Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy), and Hideki Tojo (Japan).

Along with World War I, World War II was one of the major events in the history of the 20th century. It led to an increase in power in the Soviet Union in eastern Europe, allowed the communist party to finally gain power in China, and marked a shift in world power away from western Europe and the United States and the Soviet Union.

Axis Initiative and Allied Reaction

The outbreak of war

By early 1939 the German dictator Adolf Hitler was ready to invade and take control of Poland. Poland, on the other hand, had guarantees of support for French and British troops in the event of a German invasion. Hitler intended to invade Poland nonetheless, but first he had to reduce the likelihood that the Soviet Union would withstand the onslaught of its western neighbor. Confidential talks led on August 23-24 to the signing of the German-Soviet Blindness Treaty in Moscow. According to the confidentiality agreement, the Germans and the Soviets agreed that Poland should be divided between them, with a third of the western part of the country going to Germany and two thirds of the east being taken by the U.S.S.R.

After implementing the agreement of infidelity, other provisions that shocked Europe without disclosing the secret law, Hitler thought Germany could invade Poland without the risk of Soviet or British intervention and issued orders for the attack to begin on August 26. The signing, August 25, of a legal agreement between Great Britain and Poland (replacing the previous but temporary treaty) caused him to postpone the start of hostilities for a few days. He was determined, however, to ignore the efforts of western diplomats to stop him. Finally, at 12:40 PM on August 31, 1939, Hitler ordered the war in Poland to begin at 4:45 the next morning. The attack began as ordered. In response, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany on September 3, at 11:00 a.m. and 5:00 PM, respectively. World War II had begun.

The strength and resources of the European military, 1939

In September 1939 the Allies, namely Great Britain, France, and Poland, were allied together in industrial, demographic and military sources, but the German Army, or Wehrmacht, because of its weapons, training, education, discipline, and spirit of war, was the most effective and efficient war force in its size. on earth. The September 1939 military power index was the number of sections each nation could join. Contrary to 100 German troops and six armed forces, France had 90 troops in major French cities, Great Britain had 10 infantry, and Poland had 30 troops, 12 cavalry, and one army (Poland also it had 30 sections reserved for walking, but these could not be moved immediately). The section consisted of from 12,000 to 25,000 men.

It was the rise in the quality of German troops and the number of their armed forces that made a difference in 1939. The firefighting power of the German infantry was far greater than that of France, Britain, or Poland; the typical German category included 442 rifles, 135 helmets, 72 rifles, and 24 howitzers. The combined forces were slightly more powerful than those of World War I. Germany had six war zones in September 1939; The Allies, though well stocked with tanks, had no military units at that time.

The six arms units Wehrmacht had about 2,400 tanks. And although Germany would increase its tank capacity during the early years of the war, it was not the number of tanks Germany had (Allies were probably large in September 1939) but the fact that they were organized separately and functioned as such would prove decision. In line with the teachings of General Heinz Guderian, German tanks were used in mass construction by combining artillery to punch holes in enemy lines and disassemble enemy parts, which were surrounded and captured by parts of German paratroopers as the tanks advanced to replicate the process. on foot and equipment. These tactics supported by dive bombs attacked and disrupted the movement of enemies and communication channels and spread panic and confusion in the background, thus disrupting its defensive capabilities. The use of machinery was the key to the German blitzkrieg, or “lightning war,” so named because of its unprecedented speed and mobility. Tested and well-trained in steering, German panzer classes make unparalleled strength in Europe.

The German Air Force, or Luftwaffe, was also the largest force of its kind in 1939. It was an allied force designed to support the Festival, but its aircraft were superior to all other Allied species. During the revival from 1935 to 1939 production of German warplanes continued to increase. The table shows the production of German aircraft over the years.

The suspension of engines and airframes gave the Luftwaffe a better chance than its rivals. Germany had a team of 1,000 troops and 1,050 bombs in September 1939. The Allies actually had more airplanes in 1939 than they had in Germany, but their power had many different types, some of which were obsolete. The accompanying table shows the number of first-line military aircraft found in the Allies at the start of the war.

Great Britain, which was delayed by a delay in the renewal of the weapons program, was producing one modern warrior in 1939, Hurricane. The high-powered fighter, Spitfire, had just begun production and did not engage in air warfare in price until 1940.

The value of the French Air Force in 1939 was reduced by the number of obsolete aircraft in their respective warships: 131 out of 634 and almost all 463 bombs. France was trying hard to buy luxury aircraft in the United States in 1939.

At sea the odds against Germany were much higher in September 1939 than in August 1914, because the Allies in 1939 had more warships than the Germans. At sea, however, there would be no conflict between the Armed Forces and the Allied forces but only for individual operations by the German army and commercial invaders.

Military technology, 1918-39

At the end of World War I, his knowledge seemed to confirm his defense against the invaders. It was widely believed that a rise in at least three values ​​to one was required for a successful attack. Defensive ideas emphasized the formation of the Maginot Line between France and Germany and its smaller counterpart, the Siegfried Line, in the years before the war. But in 1918 both requirements for the rise of the attack were imminent: tanks and planes. The wars of Cambrai (1917) and Amiens (1918) had proved that when tanks were used in large quantities, surprisingly, even in a strong, open space, any canal system could pass.

The Maginot Line

The main entrance to the Schoenenbourg Fort at the Maginot Line, the entrance to Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France.

John C. Watkins V

The Germans learned this vital lesson, but they had hidden it during World War I. The Allies, on the other hand, felt that their conquests proved to be a turning point, and during the war the French and British armies were slow to launch new weapons. , methods and teachings. As a result, in 1939 the British Army did not have a single military unit, and French tanks were still being distributed in small pockets in all categories of infants. The Germans, in their turn, began to improve the formation of large tanks successfully after their rehabilitation program began in 1935.

In the air the technology of war changed dramatically between 1918 and 1939. Military planes had increased in size, speed, and width, and in the operation of the seas, airplanes were developed that could accommodate the world's fastest ships. Among the new types of aircraft built were the dive bomber, an aircraft designed to detonate high-level enemy bombs as part of a combination of tank-aircraft-assistants. Fast-winged warplanes were built in all lands; these planes were actually aircraft platforms of eight to 12 machine guns mounted on the wings. Small and medium-sized land mines are also being developed for strategic bombings in cities and military bases. The threat of bombings for both military and civilian purposes led directly to the development of radar in England. Radar made it possible to pinpoint the exact location, distance, length and altitude of a long-distance aircraft regardless of the weather. By December 1938 five radar stations had been established off the coast of England, and 15 more stations were launched. Therefore, with the advent of war in September 1939, Great Britain had warned of radar stations that could not tell when enemy planes were approaching.