Rise And Fall Of Mughal Empire

The Origin of the Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur, a ruler of Central Asia who was born to the Turk-Mongol conqueror Timur on his father's side and the Mongol emperor Genghis Khan on his mother's side. He was thrown into the realm of his ancestors in Central Asia, turned to India and found a place to live. He defeated India in the battle of Panipat with Ibrahim Lodi in 1526, marking the beginning of the Mughal Empire.

The Foundation of the Mughal Empire

Babur's forces occupied much of northern India after his conquest of Panipat in 1526. Too much concern about wars and military campaigns did not allow Babur to consolidate his gains in India. The instability of the empire was evident under his son, Humayun, who was deported from India to Persia by rebels but returned victorious from Persia in 155, but died thereafter. His son Akbar succeeded to the throne under his superior, Bairam Khan. He strengthened the Mughal Empire in India. ]

India under the Mughal Emperors

The Mughal Empire ruled India for nearly two centuries. They combine Islamic culture with Hindu Indian culture. Many ismalic style monuments are built by them. They did not settle throughout India, but spent most of it. The ghgh kingdom was at a high level under Akbar's son Jahangir.

Babur (1526-1530)

The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur, a ruler of Central Asia who was born to the Turk-Mongol conqueror Timur on his father's side and Genghis Khan on his mother's side. Removed from the realm of his ancestors in Central Asia, Babur turned to India to satisfy his cravings. He stopped in Kabul and then sailed south to India from Afghanistan via the Khyber Pass. Babur's forces occupied much of northern India after his conquest of Panipat in 1526. His concern about wars did not allow him to consolidate power within India.

Humayun (1530-1556)

The instability of the empire was reflected in his son, Humayun, who was expelled from India and Persia by rebels. Humayun's deportation to Persia established relations between the Safavid and Mughal courts, leading to the expansion of Persian culture into the Mughal Empire. The restoration of Mughal rule began after Humayun's victorious return from Persia in 1555, but he died in a tragic accident shortly thereafter.

Akbar (1556-1605) By war and communications, Akbar was able to expand the empire on all sides and control almost the entire Indian subcontinent north of the Godavari River. He formed a new class of nobles loyal to him from the military forces of social groups in India, used modern government, and supported the cultural development of Akbar that strengthened trade with European trading companies. India developed a strong economy, which led to increased trade and economic development. Akbar allowed free speech. He also built a new religion: Din-i-Ilahi.

Great Jehangir (1605-1627)

Akbar's son, Jahangir, ruled the empire in his youth, but he was addicted to opium, ignored the state's affairs, and became subject to the influence of rival court groups. During his reign, there was a dramatic increase in the size of the Mughal Empire, a revolt by many, the release of prisoners of war, and the work of his father, Akbar, continued to prosper. Like his father, Jahangir was devoted to expanding Mughal territory which was dominated by conquest.

Shah Jehan (1627-1658)

During the reign of Jahangir's son, Shah Jahan, the culture and splendor of the Mughal elite court reached a climax as shown by the Taj Mahal. Court retention at this time began to cost more than revenue, the Mughal Empire continued to grow equally during his reign as his sons commanded large armies on different sides.

Aurangzeb (1658-1707) (The Strong Paragon) “The Master Builder”

However, the youngest son, Aurangzeb, who joined the Islamic faith against his brother, promoted Hindu and Muslim culture, and ascended the throne. Aurangzeb defeated Dara in 1659 and killed him. Although Shah Jahan fully recovered from his illness, Aurangzeb declared him incapacitated and imprisoned him. During Aurangzeb's reign, the empire regained political power, but its dominant religion and intolerance undermined the stability of the Mughal community. Aurangzeb expanded the empire to cover almost all of South Asia, but with his death in 1707, many parts of the empire were openly rebelling.

The Crisis of the Mughal Empire

During the reign of Muhammad Shah, the empire began to fragment, and large tracts in central India passed from Mughal to Maratha's hands. The campaigns of Nadir Shah, who had re-established the Iranian suzerainty over West Asia and Central Asia, reached the Sack of Delhi and destroyed the remnants of Mughal power and prestige. The majority of people at the state level now try to control their affairs, and they split up to form independent states. The Mughal Emperor, however, continued the high manifestation of imperialism. Not only a Muslim nobleman, but Maratha, Hindu, and Sikh leaders took part in ceremonies to acknowledge the emperor as ruler of India.

Mughal Commercial Program

Mughal rulers encouraged foreign trade. Under Akbar, the state economy is strong and stable. The main imports were bullion, horses, and luxury such as crude silk, coral, amber, precious stones, high perfume fabrics, drugs, china goods and European wine. Indian exports contained articles made of cotton, which were in great demand in Europe and elsewhere. Indigo, spices, opium, sugar, textiles, yarn, asafetida, salt, beads, borax, turmeric, lac, wax wax, and drugs of various kinds were also exported.

Mughal art and architecture

It was a combination of Muslim, Persian and Indian construction The Mughal rulers provided new direction for construction. Examples of style can be found in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. Mughal architecture reached its peak during the reign of Shah Jahan, who built the Jama Masjid, the Red Fort, Shalalimar Gardens in Lahore, and the famous Mughal monument, the Taj Mahal, and other fine examples of style. When Shah Jahan's son Aurangzeb ordered other monuments such as the Bhadhahi Mosque in Lahore, his empire coincided with the decline of the Mughal monuments and the Empire itself. Mughal painting is a form of South Asian painting, influenced by Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist Indians, and grew extensively in the court of Mughal Empire and later spread to other Indian courts, both Muslim and Hindu, and later Sikh.

Taj Mahal the world famous tomb of thus Queen Mum Taj Mahal and the peacock throne belonged to his reign d1e arm diwan-i-khas the Jama Masjid the moti Masjid the red fort etc are the monuments Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal on the banks of the river Yamuna a marvel of marbles precious and semi-precious stones gold and silver is one of the seven wonders of the world it took 20 years to build the marble marvel Shah Jahan in his old age had to witness the fight for the throne among his four sons one of the sons oranges Abe defeated his brother imprisoned his father and crowned himself as the king in 1666 shah jahan died at the age of 74 our ranga zip 1659 to 1797 our gossips reign of nearly 50 years was full of conflicts he raised the taxes to sustain the campaigns by himself an honest man with a simple lifestyle he was a muscle man to the core so his rule with the help of the laws of Islam made him very unpopular the Rajputs the Sikhs the charts the Marathas resisted him as if this is not enough he had to face trouble with the Portuguese and the English he destroyed many Hindu temples he banished all scholars artists and poets from his coat so when he died in March 17 not 7 the Empire was collapsing Shivaji and the Marathas the death of oranges ape led to chaos and confusion about the succession to the throne Bahadur Shah became the king but had to face the defiance of the Rajputs the Sikhs the Marathas and the Afghans he died in 1712 the Marathas came to power foreign invasions of nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali weakened the Mughal Empire though the Marathas were defeated by the Afghans at the Battle of Panipat in 1761 they regained power and the powerful Maratha leader was Shivaji Shivaji was ambitious and decided to head an independent Kingdom with a small army of brave soldiers with intelligent planning and execution of strategies Shivaji succeeded in overcoming enemies he was an epitome of patriotism history tells us that Shivaji was a real pain in the neck for oranges if a brave fearless warrior Shivaji is even now remembered as the most popular hero who dared against the Mughals after a long as Abe's death the Mughal Empire broke down due to the internal coordinates among the nobles in the court among sons of our gossip the attacks from outside and the inefficiency of the rule the Persian rule is Nadia attacked India and carried away huge quantities of gold jewels and other treasures from India he killed many and destroyed beautiful buildings in Delhi he left India with the Kohinoor diamond the tucked ethos elephants and horses during the reign of Alamgir - the English East India Company defeated the Nawab of Bengal in the Battle of Plassey in 1757 during the time of Shah aalam - the Third Battle of Panipat between the Marathas and the Afghans and the Battle of Buxar between the East India Company and the joint army of Milkha Singh Suja addala and Shah aalam - happened during the time of last Bahadur Shah Zafar the revolt of 1857 broke out the British suppressed the revolt exiled the Emperor to Rangoon where he died in 1862 the Mughal Empire lasted for nearly 350 years but if the reasons for its fall was that down the line of success it met with financial troubles the zamindar's with the support of the peasants defied the emperors the aristocracy steeped in luxury and enjoyment was completely unaware of the advent of the Europeans who were eagerly and cleverly looking for weak spots to expand their empire and Treasury